Oththa Seruppu - Meaning behind Glasses,Mirrors and Lenses

Movies with special attributes like, happened in a day, or happened in a single room are always 
an amazing audience by their focus on story and simplicity. Oththa Seruppu also one of them, but 

which is more than one of the above mentioned, Played by one character. When you have a story 

like this, you have to be very careful with elements inside the frame. It should be engaged, not bore to 
the audience. Parthiban brilliantly achieved by his facial expressions and method acting. And film asks 
money skeptical questions on money, economy, and relationships.

Most of the frames were filled with reflections on water, glass, and mirrors. But is it only places 
for style purposes?. Absolutely no. So let us dig meaning behind the glasses, mirrors, lenses in the 
movie.

"Eye Glasses - Represents the kindness"

Parthiban's son's frame starts with the eyewear of him. Of course Parthiban's frame also 
often filled with this. There are no characters to show kindness, only aggressive cops, who want to 
know the truth and close the case file. Another character comes with eyewear, who is a 
psychologist, yeah there is no doubt, she shows sympathy for the main lead. It represents
 innocence, in the form of wearing in the eye. At last, police inspector also showing kindness,
 Parthiban just says, "Sir, antha cooling glass super!". Which shows he is also eventually the 
one to show sympathy towards him. So here glass acts as innocence, kindness and empathic 
eyes.

"Camera, Lenses- Represents law and order."

In the story, all raw statements by the protagonist are recorded by the camera , it doesn't capture
 emotions. Like law and order, portrayed in the film. For some reason, emotional moments are 
not captured through the lens. In one scene where the psychologist gives her opinion, scene spanning
 cyclically on doctor's eyewear, camera, and window repeatedly, which shows that doctor 
wants to free him(window), out of law and order (camera) from her empathical eyes (eyewear). 
 Camera movements are widely used for this visual storytelling. 

"Broken mirrors- Broken humanity"

The story focuses on how money and rich lifestyle changed his wife's mental state. He breaks 
Gandhi's photos. And later repair with black tapes. These entire pessimistic things are performed by 
the protagonist, to show his belief about humanity in the movie. 

Not only these metaphors, candles, water reflections are shown brilliantly. Every time he sees his face 
in a mirror, he reminds his older self. Many directors master the technique of telling a story visually.
 In Oththa Seruppu, these elements are necessary to avoid the boring stuff and showing variety in 
visuals. Parthiban brilliantly places metaphors additionally, which comes from his filmmaking 
skill. Definitely, his films are worth studying.

Arjun Reddy- Crafting characters through an Emotion.

   There is no doubt that Arjun Reddy is the path breaker of Telugu film industry. Even the film's commercial aspects entirely depended on toxic masculinity and bad attitude of the male lead, the movie has a strong critical approach to screenwriting. There are many elements to crafts the character. For example, most of the movies believe in dialogues and some of them depend on the behavior of the character. But Arjun Reddy has a scope in the emotion of the movie. Of course, the movie is about emotions and how it shapes the characters in the film. So this time we are gonna see the techniques that Sandeep vanga(director) handles to achieves the success of the story via emotions.

"I think Arjun Reddy is the character who has a strong belief in both the physical and emotional representation of other characters in the movie" 

 Let us take the opening scene of the movie, which starts with the monologue of his grandma. She told the story about mountains, saints, and other things. This story contains the entire theme of the movie. If we note this line, "One day when I woke up, in the morning, he has lost his doll and crying... I said, "I will get you another one". And his reply was "Grandma.. there are mountains and saints in the story..but not you and me, that's why I want my same doll". The first scene exactly shows about him which is the reflection of the entire movie. He wants the same doll, like a case of Preethi's (female lead) character, we see that there is a lot of women wants to have him, but he wants the same. He needs the same doll because he needs an emotion which is given by that doll. Of course, he didn't want the physical representation of the doll.

 We may say that how an excellent medical student, didn't have the awareness of protected sexual methods. He didn't want it. Remember the scene where he had a conversation with his brother. He says that sex is a something that comes, independently we shouldn't control it, it is the form of  love. That's why he didn't protect the child's birth. From those points, we see that Arjun has a strong sense of emotional elements.

When he approaches other women, like the heroine character. He says only,"Do you physically help to overcome my love failure..?". Yes, he only wants the physical representation here not an emotion. Because he didn't want to share the emotion with all, Only with Preethi. The starting scene represents it symbolically, that he only needs a raw physical content to overcome.

"Suffering is personal"

Another important character after Arjun Reddy is Preethi Shetty, a female lead. Of course, we only see the suffering of Arjun Reddy, but not Preethi's. But the final moments of the scene reflects the entire emotion of that character which is equal to the male lead's. That emotion purely helps the writer to craft that character. Yes, suffer, suffering is the one which helps to develop both characters. Another important character is his grandmother who is the only one to support him after his friend Shiva.  Remember they only share a few moments in the screen time, but we see the strong bond between them, that is the power of emotion writer achieve it.

Let us consider, his friend Shiva, and all of them. All are "emotional meter" of the male lead. They are the one who tells that which is right or wrong. And they are helping to show the limitation of the character. They are emotionless to show the emotion of the male lead. 

"Being born, being in love, and dying..there are just 10% of our life..the rest are reactions of that moments"

Grandma's dead is the final plot point of the movie. He tells his father that "Emotion is everything..".  He plays the song, to full fill the emotions for that moment. And when they carry her grandmother, someone told that "Body". He didn't like the physical representation here. Eventually Arjun Reddy is the example of how to develop your characters via feelings, beliefs, and sufferings. It is more deserved than treated.

I said, why are you crying so much?I told him I will get you another one.
Read more: https://www.springfieldspringfield.co.uk/movie_script.php?movie=arjun-reddy

  

Ethics in Screenwriting- The Revenant

   Some stories critically deal with the morality of giving the correct justice to the characters. I think Revenant is one of them both ethically and visually. The movie literally tells the tale of a human who is struggling with nature and seeking revenge. But Innarito heavily focused on the poetic devices and literal moral with his beauty of filmmaking. There is so much amount of writing symbolism in the movie. So let us discuss what makes revenant literally beautiful and ethically strong.

 "Ethics in a movie can be described by the character's eventual state rather than a content of story"

  Let us takes the scene where Fitsgerald(Tom Hardy) makes an agreement with Glass(Dicaprio), that If Glass blink his eyes, he will be killed, Of course,  glass did it. But his son interrupts in that situation so Fitzgerald has no other option so he killed him. This scene makes more sense, that there is no wrong with Fitzgerald. They made a deal that's all. But the screenwriter of the movie writes to takes revenge on Fitzgerald. It didn't make sense to the point. Then what makes this story so great. Here we go.

"Revenge is in God's hand..not mine"

  We didn't satisfy our selves, that"He killed his son, so revenge is the right thing to do". Because Fitzgerald is genuine in his side, he killed him for his own safety. At the same time, we didn't accuse his son also, he didn't know about the deal. So let me take this point. Fitsgerald hates Pawnee people, that literally leads to that situation. In the ending, we see that Dicaprio realizes this point, he tells that "Revenge is in God's hand..not mine" he drags in the water, then the moral is done by the pawnee-people, and this is the correct payoff given to the character. This is a reason revenant looks ethically strong.

"You came all along the way for revenge.."

And the second thing comes to my mind that how Revenant handles symbolism to tell the morality. The example is that can with circular simple, which expresses the journey of Glass to kill Fitsgerald. It contextually tells that,"Your sins will reach finally even after rounding the earth".

The symbolism in the tree is very fascinating. Especially that lines...

"When there is a storm, and you stand in front of a tree, if you look at its branches, you swear it will fall, but if you watch the trunk, you will see it's stability".When Glass is damaged by a bear, he can just see the branches of the tree. Of course, he can't see the trunk, which shows his weakness and inability to act. The film heavily focussed on determination, strength, and revenge in human's behavior.

Magical Realism in Narcos

There are so many cinematic words and terms cannot be explained in words, like genre names. But the explanation for magical realism in narcos is almost exactly told in the starting frames." when a highly detailed realistic setting invaded by something too strange to believe".  Last few words are too important to notice. And that is "too strange to believe". Since Gabriel Garcia Marquez's novels described its terms and conditions to writing the magical realism, it is majorly noted by the dreams of the characters. Probably I am not book lover but after watching narcos I bought one book of Garcia which is One Hundred Years of  Solitude. Which is really contains many terms similar to narcos. Don't worry I won't talk about that book haha. We can illustrate many themes of magical realism from three scenes of narcos. And that 3 powerful scenes which are deeply detailed and too strange to believe.

The first one is when Pablo's president dream destroyed in the political system. Before he went to the building we are separated by two spaces. One is Pablo's walking to the building and another one is his monologue walking, while he smokes his cigarette and clouds are ready to rain. This scene is brilliantly captured by the camera. And it consists many metaphors in it. The monologue is written for that particular frame. When it sounds like "people are fly as high as Icarus". And when it comes to the next dialogue,"don't get too close to sun..your dreams may melt". And suddenly rain gets strong in another frame. In this place, the blacked clouds which contain water represents Pablo's dream. And it melts. Of course in the next scene, his dreams are melt away just like black clouds.

And there are no strange that dreams of the character represent the magical realism in art. After some hard life, Pablo dreams that he touch the plant which is vulnerable. It depicts his vulnerability on government and justice system. And the next level of a dream his wife was shot dead by major Carrillo. And is easy to remember that his wife was desired went off from that place before she was shot. This represents his thoughts about in safety of his family. Two dreams but combined for that reason.

And finally seeing dead people is ordinary in the terms of magical realism. I would like to mention one example from that book. There is one character(Brudensia) who is killed by our major character. But even after his death, he is visible sometimes for him(Brudensia) and his wife. But the interesting one is he also aging with respect to years. Same like Pablo's final conversation with Gustavo. He had white beards (aging)even after his death. Which shows the reality of nature same as the book.

This scene really breaks my heart with its sentimental terms. Which is mainly noticeable is the director tries to bring cinematic reality to this scene. Gustavo didn't suddenly leave in the light or with any superficial elements. He comes normally and leaves naturally with walking like any organic undead character. And this tells the purpose of word "realism" in "magical realism". There is a lot of another example for this scene.

 In the movie Gravity, she sees her dead father naturally and realistically. And the interesting one is both(Narcos and Gravity) are from South American creators. I think it is the reason why narcos monologues,"There is a reason that magical realism was born in Columbia". Finally, I love the series and it inspired in many ways with its plot. And deeply forces to love the Columbian dreams and their works.

Art imitates nature-Yuddham Sei(Munch's Scream)

 It is not rare to see the movies which have an inspiration from something in surroundings. I am not talking about copycat, adaptions or any other media issues. But I tell that sometimes art can be the reflection of artist's personal feelings. Or it may hugely obsessed with the atmosphere of the artist.In one interview mysskin says that yuddham sei inspired by Edvard Munch's hunting the scream.The scream is written by munch and lately, he draws the painting which is famed in the lists of famous painting like Monalisha and which is one of the highest sold painting.It is a modern art by munch with multiple colors and freehand patterns.

  Munch once mentioned in his diary he had been screaming with fear and anxiety and at the time his sister was admitted to hospital for insanity.Munch's sheltering place was not much distance from the asylum.This may reason for his screaming.In the writing of Munch, he writes

"I was walking along the road with two friends
The Sun was setting – the Sky turned blood-red.
And I felt a wave of Sadness – I paused
tired to Death – Above the blue-black
Fjord and City Blood and Flaming tongues hovered
My friends walked on – I stayed
behind – quaking with Angst – I
felt the great Scream in Nature.."

Munch's Scream

 Those two men in the bridge have not cared about his scream. It shows that the man cries inwardly. He is completely unheard in nature.And no one seems to hear it. Because it is in his head. Like our protagonist who missed his sister and screams himself. His isolation anxiety is a complete match to the main figure in the painting.In the above lines, he writes "Sky turned red as blood", which represent the disgusting dead bodies, separated hands of victims in the movie. And it creates sad inevitable feelings among the audience. There is a scream among all characters in the film.

 Apart from the protagonist, it reflects the artist the artist's personal experience, like munch Mysskin's scream, reflects in his art. Before we start this discussion, let us view munch's scream once again.His fear is not about only for his family but also for the atmosphere. In that painting, air and water are represented as curved lines which is the symbol of decay. So many argue that that is an interpretation of pollution in Norway in that particular time period. Of course, the painting drew in the industrial age of his country so the scream can come from nature. And this is a reason why Oscar Wilde writes the line," Art imitates nature.."

In Tamil Nadu at the period of film release crime rate is very high. Many women and school children kidnap occurs in the state. According to 2011 reports, we get this point clearly. And also mysskin wites one dialogue," Unga veetla ipdilaam nadantha summa viduveengala..",which is the scream of nature or artist.

Like my previous statement, it is easy to see the art with artist's internal thoughts.You may wonder how the single piece of art inspires the film story. It does not help mysskin for write the entire plot, but it helps to set the mood for the storyline which is filled with dark and sorrow.So listen to nature, observe your surroundings and people, it may help you to hear the uncared screams as an artist.

Nayagan - Writing the Shakespearean Tragic hero

    What makes the hero a successful character or morally pure.From classic to modern or old to new every character can be defined by their individual ethics or from their subjective morals. A clean character should have written by his journey related to the nature of the plot.Most stories end with the triumph of protagonist, sacrifices and the defeat of villains.But apart from these trends, there is one kind of character who is literally spelled with the word "tragic". In the period of Shakespearean tragedies, this character was developed in his stories by the reaffirmation of Aristotle's tragic hero. Macbeth, Othello, and hamlet etc. What are the unique concepts they have?. The same 4 act journey of the heroes filled in those tragedies.They have their own journey, conflict, and flaw. In 1987 Nayagan released in theatres and gets international acclaim.The movie contains the maximum characteristics of the tragic hero and their journey.

    So let us get into the four-act structure of the hero's journey.Creating the morality, Failure of ethics, Self-examination, and Resolution. The first act gives some morality to the character which he follows to the next entire section of the movie.Shakespear writes Hero's morality is based on things what happens to him or the things changed is a path. In Nayagan velu adapt his own moral based on two subplot characters.One is his first father who died in the first scene. And his second Muslim father. Those are two characters who feed those philosophies in Velu's life. His moral is "Naalu perukku nallathuna ethuvum thappila..".It is very important to consider that the character didn't have an idea about that ethics. Nolan's Batman is the best example of this act. He has no idea about the new morals. He is completely opposite in his previous actions.So the journey of the hero starts with these morals initially.

  And the second act features the failure of ethics of the hero. This is the turn of the main narrative story.Their own philosophies become the reason for their flaw.His initial mistakes make suffer. The characters pushed to choose the option between difficult choices. It will make them as the victim of circumstances. It makes isolation, alienation and lot of troubles for the protagonists. Even Velu praised as a good-hearted man among people. He didn't escape from justice. And the justice makes his flaw. In Dark Knight, his primary motive is he won't kill anyone for the reason. Joker takes it as an advantage and makes more trouble. So it makes batman's flaw.

  And the third act called "Self-examination". It intensely created by the Doubting nature of our tragic heroes.Even he held his own justice with him, after many losses the character falls into this third act.It is clear that velu fight with his daughter to justify himself, he didn't want to lose his morals.But at final he suspects himself, as the result, he didn't  say himself whether he is a good guy or bad one.In Batman after the death of Racheal, he suspects on his morals and the whole third sequence of the trilogy is made for this purpose.And the final act is the resolution for the heroes and that is "He must die". By these type of ending writer creates the moral balancing for the movies.It also appeared in all tragedies of Shakespeare.

    Not only this movie, every movie with tragic characters follow this 4 act structure to create intense tragedies.Tragic characters can't be classified as a good or evil.Even his motivations labeled himself as a protagonist, his actions to achieve that motivation looks like villain's attitude.I would like to mention the phrase which is defined by Aristotle "A man doesn't become a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall". Velu saw his downfall in his tragic journey.  Is he a hero? or the title (Nayagan) represents himself as to be?Who knows?. But the flaw of the character is different for both protagonists and antagonists.

  For protagonists, the flaw is his major fall after the losses.velu lost his son, daughter even his ethics. And faces overcome. For antagonists, the flaw is his eventual downfall. So what is eventually happen?. He dies that's all. He ends like those subplot characters for holding the same morals. Finally is he the protagonist? or antagonist? even we ask him personally to tell.Tragic heroes cannot be classified so he will tell "Theriyalaye pa.."

Aruvi - Meaning of Beer bottle (Analysis on existence)

 I think the first two frames of initial scenes tells the entire story of Aruvi.A girl's eyes looking the viewers and she occupies very small space in the corner, there is a lot of empty areas, the next shot is the big picture of herself which contains bleeding nose.The first frame shows nothingness in the blur life as same as Aruvi's search for meaning in her childhood days. She is not comfortable with her places and she always expects something unusual. So the initial frame conveys that searching the meaning in the plain empty area which can be spelled in the words of nihilism. And the second frame detailed with blood and without her vision which shows another part of the story that she struggles in society. The director made debut in his opening shots of the movie.

  A story revolves around the girl's journey into lying society. There is a lot of metaphors and symbolism in the plot.The director literally handles the magical realism in most of the places.A major part of the story detailed in the reality show which is called "Solvathellam Satthiyam". We can see that two stories told by subplot characters.One is about the granny who sold paniyaram and another one is about old village head.The first story shows the granny who is not obsessed with anything and didn't expect anything in life. And she didn't want to search the purpose of life.

 And the second story shows who expects love from his village peoples at his last moments. Both are deals with existential criticism of life. And the both are partially connected to the life of Aruvi. She didn't like the second one because she also didn't like oldman.but she likes the first story. But at the last moments, she also wants love as same as village head so she got the conclusion of the second story in the movie.

In final moments film is located in mountains. Opening scenes are contented with the waterfalls and mountains but the last one was dry.Generally, mountains signify the spirituality and they can be considered as God's nearest place in literature. And if they related to characters, it may illustrate that they feel isolated. And they symbolize loneliness or failure to reach her spiritual or emotional states.

Beer bottle stands for choices, chances, and metaphor of inevitability in life.The death can target anyone after we involved as a choice. This symbolism stands for our life's ending without our knowledge. The sequel exactly looks like Coin philosophy of Anton Chigurh in No country for old men movie.We see the beer bottle can target anyone, I think the climax scene explained it more briefly.The film ends with that beer bottle targets Aruvi.In earlier scenes, Aruvi is a god who rotates beer bottle to make the death choices.

But now she is the victim of it.It states herself to the victim of death or the end of existence. She laughs because she knew it that life can end without our permission and it means Nothing.

What is ethics in post-apocalyptic story?-Yuddham Sei

  Some movies manipulate the worst part of humanity in its plot. Those movies contain the unkind and disturbing characters, ruthless moments and the important point is the atmosphere. Of course, creating atmosphere is the main thing in cinema to capture the audience to feel the liveness in a story.When it comes to Mysskin's world we can breathe the pessimism, darkness and the philosophy of good and evil.Especially Yuddham sei features the ethics and how it is defined in Mysskinism. Most of the frames were filled in disgusting dead bodies, steel factories and creates the satanic mood.

  True detective the great example to compare with mysskin's yuddham sei. The serial killer family kidnaps and gave the death penalty to their victims for revenge.And they dissecting their body parts, it is enough for making anthology elements in a movie. Mostly anthologies used to disturb the moods of the audience.Ethics were literally handled in the plot as per the post-apocalyptic features.

  Cheran's character metaphorically illustrates the innocence of goodness.He didn't anger with the public, even they disrespect him.  For example, we can take the auto stand scene.A group of drivers makes fun of him and a lady in mansion scold him for his inquiries.He didn't use his power for dealing with his personal queries because the case of his sister was discharged from his hand.These are the moments constructed for showing the inner of that character.So the idea of "innocence of goodness" also shown in his previous movies "Onaayum aatukuttiyum" and "pisaasu". These protagonists are morally sucked in his plots. As per the classic stories, protagonists are brave with a clean mind and they even take evil in their hand to destroy evil. But the case is different in this movie.

 If we notice clearly we can find that Cheran struggles with the worst humans in a society. He missed his sister and also the prisoner of circumstances.The same situations happened in the serial killer family.They losses daughter and cheated by society as well as Cheran's character. So both cases are similarly chiseled in a plot. But they vary from how the character deals with it. One side Cheran who wants to rescue his sister with the innocence of goodness and another side the family members who want to revenge with ruthless of goodness.And finally, the goals are succeeding for both sides. But the family members didn't return from it.So the goal may be pure but the path takes major priority to decide the existence of human. By these sequences, mysskin brilliantly creates the spectrum of ethics.


 The movie majorly conveys the free will, determinism and the purpose of life.We saw that the character of morally ruined and wants to win their goals.Protagonists, antagonist(Corrupted cops) and the serial killer family drive the plot and end with negatively or sometimes positively as per what they deserve. Our life is a journey with a society which is decayed from our perspective, and it may not treat us as per our character but it will end while we search for the meaning. And finally, our meaning will find by others.

Inception-Reality is what we believe

Arguably inception is one of the most beautiful films ever made in cinema history. Without any doubt, this is the masterpiece of Nolan's work. I know there is plenty of arguments, debates, explanations, and analysis of the movie. But I want to extract some ideas with some logical interpretations in this post. Many people asked me whether the final scene is the real world or not. And the internet world also focuses the same point of the argument.But it does not make any sense for the plot. The film is heavily focussed on the subjective reality so that question is definitely wrong in my point of view. The movie shows that totem is the only factor to find the reality, additionally, it is used to find whether they are in someone's dream or not. You really don't need totem in your own dream because you know it was a dream.So my point is reality is subjective, dreams may be someone's reality, the whole film wants to convey the same concept, here are some ideas about the unreliability of the totem.

1) Firstly, if you believe the dream as a real world, totems are wastes.The point is if you inceptioned by someone that the dream is a real world, top(totem) will fall itself. We can see this in a limbo life, Arthur tells that only if you ever prisoned in limbo in the past, you may return to the reality. So totem's work only depends on the owner's mindset. So totem may fall even in limbo.

2)And if you inceptioned by someone that this real world is a dream, you will not trust totems. We can see this in mal's case, cobb inceptioned herself as this world is the dream, even the totem fall itself, she didn't trust it.So totem didn't work in this case.

3)Thirdly you should not give your totem to anyone, but Cobb kept his wife's.(many argues that it is not his wife's) This statement was given by Arthur, so the characters also don't have the proper knowledge of totems.

  The movie always wants to show the strong interpretations of the unreliability of the totem. So they are partially untrustful. And the movie conveys some characteristics of reality and dreams. In one scene the old man in  Yusuf's lab said that the dreams became their reality. The world ultimately is what we say it is.And it shows the subjective nature of reality and dreams. The subjective nature idea also applied to Nolan's previous film Memento. In that film, it stands between facts and make-ups. Teddy tells that "you make your own truth". The same idea is shown in inception.

  So everyone's reality is created by their interpretations of their individual data, and we often pick and choose what to believe. To given illustrations of this idea, let me tell Plato's cave men story. It is about the group of men, who spends their major part of life inside the cave with the one-dimensional approach, but when they come to real world, they didn't believe as their real world. So the "reality" is what you "believe". The same concept of Yusuf's Oldman touched it again. Inception is the only process that changes the beliefs of one's reality.By those subjective-nature ideas, totems are simply neglectable for decides your own reality. And our whole life may be a dream or coma-stage without our knowledge.

   In nowadays many philosophers denies the lucid dreaming ideas. Because you can only realize the dream after you came back to reality. They tell that you can't acknowledge it as a dream in your dream. It will collapse. Nolan doesn't want to cheat the audience by writing the story about lucid dreaming. He also wants to convey that point. In fact, the climax is not to create ambiguous ending or confusing the audience, it is more than the ending.We see cobb completely abandons the totem because he does not care anymore, the totem may fall or may not be. But that will be his reality. It hiddenly shows the choosability of director. Because Nolan cannot decide it as a dream or reality. It is given to the cobb's hand and audience's knowledge.

Aaranya Kaandam-The Beauty of Post-modernity

   When the lifestyle of people changing it's nature, the creators also pushed to modify their creations. They need to change their stories, paintings, songs and other art forms to modern elements. When it comes to films, it is inevitable. After the world war 2, story writers oppose the moral of classic stories and supernatural elements in their works like, which is unbelievable realities and characters.There is no exact definition for post-modernism. But it has some characteristics to define itself.

         Tamil films are very classy from kaalidas to present day movies. But there are very few films which have a post-modern genre. In 2011, Aaranya kaandam released in theatres, as usual, it failed to bomb the box-office. Because it is an art film and even it got several international awards but it happened. Now it is praised as a cult.And the rest is history. Shortly post-modern is noted as new ideologies with different narratives and hold some characteristics.

     'Pastiche' is one of the elements of post-modern narratives which is explained as a mixture of genres. Let us look at the movie, how do you define it? comedy, dark humourism, thriller, drama or neo-noir. So the post-modern writers care about these type of genre mixing. it may create the new wave. In the movie, there are plenty of characters are unreliable.

    For instance, Subbu who is femme fatale of the story. Femme fatale is the fictional character of the film noir, who is a seductive woman and make suffers to the male characters by her sexual attraction. In 100 years of Kollywood, she is only femme-fatale without any absence of characteristics and glitters in the Tamil screen.Eventually "questionable characters" are the important term of post-modern narratives. It is entirely different from classic stories.

       The second one is the parody.Parody can be explained as pasting references from old genres. It can create the new tone on style. For example, consider the scene from aaranya kaandam when the drug deal was happening, the western formalism applied to the scene. In 1960's western cultural movies are very popular.And yuvan's BGM brilliantly crafted for showing western style.

    Especially characters eye-contact and tension, the way Thiagaraja kumararaja captured in his camera is amazing. The recent Tamil movie Jil-junk-jug also has a strong interpretation of post-modernism. And the whole story looks like the parody of western classic.Metafiction is another major bookmarks of post-modern pages. Because author's fiction can illustrate the film as a modern genre.In Aaranya kaandam all characters are developed by the nature of wild animals. So the writer creates his own fictional world in a story. Metafiction defined as  "write about writing" and the film always reminds us "Hey it is just a film".

    In one scene Subbu tells that,"Naama ellaarum oruthara appaaveenu ninaipom, aana avaruthaan periya Baasha ", which signifies herself at the last, because she is a game changer of the plot so it is a hook between pages and this is called "Self-referentiality" and it is one of the terms of intertextuality. Cultural reference is one of the great things in post-modernism. Quentin Tarantino's pulp fiction arguably one of the best modern movies, it has American pop-cultural references. And the trumanshow shows a media culture. Aaranya kaandam speak about the cinema influences on Tamil culture. And it is the part of our lifestyle.Especially this scene, "Ungalukku Rajini pudikkuma illa kamal pudikkuma"  this shows the crazy of people on cinema in modern culture. There is always an old song, we can hear in the background of many scenes.

    And the black comedy, irony and dramatic applied perfectly in a story. especially that scene,"Manasila oru poo ninachikonga saamy.." and at the end of the scene, Kajethiran tells that "Kushbu" and "Prabu". It conveys the cinema reference and shows the irony of comedy.

   When it comes to ideology, Aaranya kaandam redefined the classical masculinity because the male characters are dominative, strong and winner of masculinity. But in this movie, all male characters are degraded by someway.Pasupathy told Singaperumaal,"Vayasaayirichu athaan tokku aayiteenga". Kaalaiyan who is a loser as a family man. Pasupathy also quoted by child kodukaapuli as "Pondaatiya tholaichavan" and no need to mention Sappai. So the story opposes the classical masculinity. And it creates the new wave.

Eventually, Aaranya kaandam is the good plot for studying postmodernism. It may not be the touches the heart people but it touches the art of modern storytelling.

Interstellar-Inevitability of the situation

      Nolan's movies mostly hold the strong interpretations of philosophies and his stories revolve around the personal identity. Uncompromisable storytelling always connects the time and space concepts.He is modern-philosopher and he deserved for this statement.Let us look some ideologies of the Interstellar.Apart from science, it conveys the nature of time and what makes a situation worse.Situations are decided by the choices, we can't change it, and the situations may become worse with respect to our options.In the philosophical terms, this stuff is called "Murphy's law".It is defined as "Anything that can go wrong will go wrong", In Interstellar, Nolan's personal morality reflects his own thoughts on this topic as an another version of this law.He doesn't want to change but wants to show the "subjectivity" of the situations.

    In a car crash scene, Cooper says,"Murphy's law doesn't mean something bad will happen, it means whatever can happen will happen".Of course, there are no "wrong" or "right" choices for a question, it is based on the "subjectivity" of the question.As same as Nolan wants to portrait that situations are subjective, there is not always "wrong" means wrong.

   The characters are forced to make the selections.Like, plan A or plan B and "Which planet next?" .And the situations turn bad until the end of the movie.Cooper's daughter name is Murph and the car crash scene also foreshadows the remaining plot of the story.Cooper's law only hits at the end.But in other portions, when characters are caught in the decisional dilemmas, it leads to something wrong.For instance, after the visit in the miller planet, Amelie decided to go Edmunds planet, but Cooper denied and makes the decision on Mann's planet.This may create the question on our head,"What if they went to Edmunds planet first?".If they did it, there are no struggles to face like black holes.But it happened because some situations are inevitable.

   In miller planet, they faced the brutality of nature, in Mann planet situations became worse because of humanity.It shows how we separate the incidents as good and bad.But in nature, the situations do not depend on choices, but it depends on humans.After the disaster in miller planet, Amelie says that it was completely unexpectable.She sounds like, her theoretical were wrong as same as Mann's case.
Because Mann is coward and he is the reason for the second disaster.

    At the end, we realize that both plan A and plan B happened.It holds the interpretations of Cooper's (Nolan's) Murphy version.Finally, we find that story is actually a loop, it will happen again and again. And Murph realizes that "whatever can happen, it will happen" because it is preplanned by future humans in the movie and it will happen once again.Eventually, Nolan gives his illustration of ideology that human is always a reason for the situations whether it is good or worse and the outcome must be inevitable.

Anbe Sivam - Appearances and Deceptives

         In a pure art filmography, all characters should be shuffled in a single or multiple thematic lines of a story.So in this case morality of the characters may judge by some valuable arguments of the concept.Anbe sivam also deals with these type of storytelling devices and leads to ambiguous moral selections.It has its own way of narration and brilliant writing.Usually, Kamal Haasan likes to deals with post-modernistic elements in his works.Anbe sivam contains the characters who are judge people by their appearances.The film wants to sketch "Appearance can be deceptive".So it travels through the dual-thematic line, they are appearance and nature.In this movie, every character deals with another one with respect to appearance and personality types.
       

         Let us consider the first scene of the movie, it shows Madhavan's misjudgment of Kamal's nature.He watches his actions and appearance and decides kamal as a terrorist.It shows true personality but without the matching of look.In this moment audience receives the information of "Unreliable appearance".So this case stands for "False appearance".

         In the flashback portion, we see Naasar who believes himself as an innocent and believes God will take care of him if he prays.He doesn't  want to use God's name only for manipulations, he really believes in God.And he stands for "False personality".This character shows the uncertainty of personality type.It symbolizes the unworthiness of god.These two sequels convey the mistaken appearance and personality.

         And the third case is in the form of "False appearance and personality".This character who is thief exhibits how people are untrustful in both themes.As a writer, Kamal used him to express his own political thoughts.Especially this scene,"Kadhar sattai pottavellaam thiyaagiya? Coat suit potta yogiyana?"(English: Will a man wearing a suit and tie be a gentleman by a default?will a man wearing homespun cotton be a freedom fighter?).It represents Gandhi and Ambedkar. The movie speaks about communism but these leaders are capitalists.So the writer opposes the moral of these people.Gandhi believes that communism had a strong sense of selfishness.These 3 objectives express the nature of characters and who is reliable and unreliable.When it comes to Balasaraswathy she judges kamal by his thoughts.And later she apologizes.In this case, Kamal didn't stand for false appearance or personality, then what influenced her to apologize?. She realizes her mistake of the impression.In this place moral judgment places in the region of the impression.

     The movie deeply concentrates to show the appearance of the god.And it has metaphorical characters to presents it on screen.The dog and Naasar are the two important symbols of God's nature.The dog named Sankaran which means Lord Siva.The dog represents love in the movie and later sivam tells that,"Dog-a thiruppi potta God varuthu!(Dog written backward becomes God)" .So hiddenly conveys that "Love is God".And the mother character shows the "True appearance and true personality".She is one who helps to sivam to overcome his redemption from past.And portraits "Appearances can be deceptive" and no need to take it as "Appearances are deceptive".

     Name sequence of the character is very meaningful because Kamal's name is "Nalla-Sivam" which means "Lord Siva", and Madhavan named as "Anbarasu" which shows love.But he doesn't want to add the "anbu".Sivam also does not trust in God.So the characters named by opposite metaphors.Finally, conveys the theme of the movie "Love is God".There is a lot of metaphors in every frame and the movie strongly represents love.Kamal's appearance crafted for showing both negative and positive terms.Which tells that, appearances are temporary and unreliable and Love is permanent.It can decide the humanity of a person.And it should be the only factor to judge oneself.